BET: Lions v Scarlets 

Posted 18 Oct 13h31

3 units over 49.5 points at 19/20 at Pokerbet 

Conditions not perfect but can't resist an overs play 

BET: Ospreys v Glasgow

Posted 18 Oct 11h21

3 units over 47.5 points at 9/10 at Hollywoodbets.

This handicap has been steady at around Ospreys +3.5 all week, which matches my own projection, so I won’t be getting involved in that market. The points line is set at 47.5 and while conditions are expected to be cool and possibly misty, it should remain dry.

Both of these teams like to play attacking rugby and if referee Piardi allows the game to flow, I think we’ll get the 48 points needed to land this one.

BET: Zebre v Stormers

Posted 18 Oct 11h08

3 units over 50.5 points at 9/10 at Pokerbet.

This handicap opened Stormers -12.5 and has since pushed out to -15.5 after they named a strong side. The Stormers defence has been resolute so far this season, but I think this Zebre team at home will still find a way to score a few. Conditions look good and I like the overs at 50.5 in what should be an open contest.

BET: Sharks v Ulster

Posted 18 Oct 10h51

3 units Sharks -11.5 at 9/10 at Pokerbet.

The Sharks let me down again last week and I really should know better than to get involved in their matches, but they have named a potent side for this one. Money has come for them, with the handicap moving from -10.5 to -11.5 and in some places even -12.5.

I’ll take a small interest on the minus. The points line is 48.5 and with some rain around, I would lean unders if pushed.

Update: Lions v Scarlets

This handicap opened at Lions -10.5 and has shifted to -12.5 as money has come for the home team. The total points line of 48.5 caught my eye, but with rain in the area I’m holding back from steaming into the overs. That said, it looks like light rain rather than heavy stuff (I’m usually in Joburg but about 150 km away today where it’s raining quite hard), so conditions should hopefully still allow for some points.

The Lions should be too strong at home, and I expect them to score 31 or more.

I am going to hold back on betting until closer to kick off and will post in the blog or in the forum if I can 

Friday wrap & betting update 

Posted 18 Oct 10h20 

It still baffles me how you can have 3 URC games kicking off at the same time but as annoying as that was it was a great Friday night with the early Edinburgh strike trotting up and the over 6.5 tries in Connacht game and Dragons +8.5 sneaking in. The Friday night newsletter acca also landed to cap a nice start to the weekend. 

I will be back with some Saturday plays and here is the latest betting

BET: Leinster v Munster

Posted 17 Oct 10h22

3 units Leinster -15.5 at 0.92/1 Betxchange

This handicap opened at -15.5, drifted to -14.5 (and even lower), but has since returned to -15.5 after team selections. That’s very much where I had it, but I’m leaning Leinster given the seriously powerful line-up they’ve named.

History doesn’t necessarily support the pick and Munster often keep this clash close even away from home, but with Leinster having dropped early points in South Africa, I’m expecting a statement performance from the home side.

BET: Connacht v Bulls

Posted 17 Oct 10h07

3 units Over 6.5 tries at 10/11 Sportingbet

I projected this game at Bulls -3.5, and it opened -5.5, but after team news the line has tightened to -0.5. I’m not convinced the news should have had that much impact, but with little faith in the Bulls on the road, I prefer to target the points and try markets.

The total points line is 48.5, and with decent conditions expected, I prefer the Over 6.5 tries option, especially as I don’t see many penalties in this one.

BET: Dragons v Cardiff

Posted 17 Oct 09h49

3 units Dragons +8.5 at 9/10 at Pokerbet

The line has shifted in Cardiff’s favour, having opened at -6.5, but I’ve decided to side with the home team. I was initially undecided, but after watching The Handicap last night and a bullish Admiral in particular,  I’m in the Dragons camp.

Betting Update: Edinburgh v Benetton
Posted 17 Oct 09h37

This was my early bet as I priced the game at Edinburgh -12.5, so the opening line of -7.5 looked too low. The market has since shifted to -10.5, and while I would still lean towards the home team, I already have a sizeable position and see no need to add further.

The points line sits at 51.5, with conditions expected to be decent. If looking for another angle, I’d consider Edinburgh team points over 31.5 as a solid play.

Blog Update: It’s Gameday

Posted 17 Oct 08h35

The weekend is here and at this point I only have the Edinburgh -7.5 down, and that line has since moved to -10.5. I probably won’t get further involved in that one, but I’ll post any Friday bets up shortly and the newsletter will be sent out late morning/early afternoon.

I’m then heading off to the bush for a weekend of beer and braai with the family, but there will still be plenty of rugby on. I’ll return at some point with Saturday bets.

👉 If you’re not receiving my weekly newsletter yet, click here to sign up.

United Rugby Championship – Round 4 Weather, Officials and Teams

Posted 15 Oct from 22h30 to 22h45

Friday, 17 October 2025

Edinburgh v Benetton – Hive Stadium, 20:45
Weather: Cool, 10 degrees, overcast but dry, humidity in 80's - click here for updates
Referee: Ben Breakspear (Wales)
Assistant Referees: Jonny MacKenzie (Scotland), Finlay Brown (Scotland)
TMO: Aled Griffiths (Wales)

Edinburgh: 15 Wes Goosen, 14 Darcy Graham, 13 Piers O’Conor, 12 James Lang, 11 Duhan van der Merwe, 10 Cammy Scott, 9 Charlie Shiel, 8 Magnus Bradbury (captain), 7 Dylan Richardson, 6 Liam McConnell, 5 Grant Gilchrist, 4 Sam Skinner, 3 D’arcy Rae, 2 Ewan Ashman, 1 Pierre Schoeman
Replacements: 16 Paddy Harrison, 17 James Whitcombe, 18 Paul Hill, 19 Glen Young, 20 Freddy Douglas, 21 Ben Vellacott, 22 Ross Thompson, 23 Ross McCann

Benetton: 15 Matt Gallagher, 14 Rhyno Smith, 13 Filippo Drago, 12 Malakai Fekitoa, 11 Ignacio Mendy, 10 Jacob Umaga, 9 Louis Werchon, 8 So’otala Fa’aso’o, 7 John Bryant, 6 Alessandro Izekor, 5 Eli Snyman (captain), 4 Giulio Marini, 3 Giosué Zilocchi, 2 Siua Maile, 1 Mirco Spagnolo
Replacements: 16 Bautista Bernasconi, 17 Thomas Gallo, 18 Tiziano Pasquali, 19 Riccardo Favretto, 20 Federico Ruzza, 21 Manuel Zuliani, 22 Alessandro Garbisi, 23 Leonardo Marin

Connacht v Bulls – Dexcom Stadium, 20:45
Weather: Cool, 11 degrees, cloudy but dry, humidity mid 80's - click here for updates 
Referee: Mike Adamson (Scotland)
Assistant Referees: Andrew Cole (Ireland), Jack MacNeice (Ireland)
TMO: Hollie Davidson (Scotland)

Connacht: 15 Mack Hansen, 14 Chay Mullins, 13 Byron Ralson, 12 Bundee Aki, 11 Shayne Bolton, 10 Josh Ioane, 9 Caolin Blade, 8 Sean Jansen, 7 Cian Prendergast (captain), 6 Josh Murphy, 5 David O’Connor, 4 Darragh Murray, 3 Finlay Bealham, 2 Dave Heffernan, 1 Peter Dooley
Replacements: 16 Dylan Tierney-Martin, 17 Jordan Duggan, 18 Jack Aungier, 19 Joe Joyce, 20 Seán O’Brien, 21 Matthew Devine, 22 Sean Naughton, 23 Cathal Forde

Bulls: 15 Willie le Roux, 14 Canan Moodie, 13 David Kriel, 12 Jan Serfontein, 11 Sebastian de Klerk, 10 Keagan Johannes, 9 Paul de Wet, 8 Jeandre Rudolph, 7 JJ Theron, 6 Nama Xaba, 5 Reinhardt Ludwig (captain), 4 Cobus Wiese, 3 Wilco Louw, 2 Jan-Hendrik Wessels, 1 Alulutho Tshakweni
Replacements: 16 Johan Grobbelaar, 17 Gerhard Steenekamp, 18 Francois Klopper, 19 Nicolaas Janse van Rensburg, 20 Mpilo Gumede, 21 Embrose Papier, 22 Harold Vorster, 23 Stravino Jacobs

Dragons v Cardiff – Rodney Parade, 20:45
Weather: Cool at 12 degrees, scattered clouds but dry, humidity mid 80's - click here for updates 
Referee: Federico Vedovelli (Italy)
Assistant Referees: Craig Evans (Wales), Adam Jones (Wales)
TMO: Stefano Roscini (Italy)

Dragons: 15 Angus O’Brien (c0-captain), 14 Rio Dyer, 13 Aneurin Owen, 12 Harri Ackerman, 11 Fine Inisi, 10 Tinus de Beer, 9 Rhodri Williams, 8 Aaron Wainwright, 7 Harry Beddall, 6 Shane Lewis-Hughes, 5 Ben Carter (co-captain), 4 Seb Davies, 3 Robert Hunt, 2 Brodie Coghlan, 1 Wyn Jones
Replacements: 16 Oli Burrows, 17 Rodrigo Martinez, 18 Dillon Lewis, 19 Matthew Screech, 20 Ryan Woodman, 21 Niall Armstrong, 22 Cai Evans, 23 Huw Anderson

Cardiff: 15 Cam Winnett, 14 Josh Adams, 13 Jacob Beetham, 12 Ben Thomas, 11 Tom Bowen, 10 Callum Sheedy, 9 Aled Davies, 8 Taulupe Faletau, 7 Dan Thomas, 6 Alex Mann, 5 George Nott, 4 Josh McNally, 3 Keiron Assiratti, 2 Liam Belcher(captain), 1 Corey Domachowski
Replacements: 16 Evan Lloyd, 17 Danny Southworth, 18 Javan Sebastian, 19 Rory Thornton, 20 Alun Lawrence, 21 Taine Basham, 22 Johan Mulder, 23 Ioan Lloyd

Saturday, 18 October 2025

Lions v Scarlets – Ellis Park, 13:45
Weather: Temp mid 20's, possible showers, humidity in 40's - click here for updates 
Referee: Eoghan Cross (Ireland)
Assistant Referees: Griffin Colby (South Africa), AJ Jacobs (South Africa)
TMO: Sam Grove-White (Scotland)

Lions: 15 Quan Horn, 14 Eduan Keyter, 13 Henco van Wyk, 12 Richard Kriel, 11 Angelo Davids, 10 Chris Smith, 9 Nico Steyn, 8 Francke Horn (captain), 7 Ruan Venter, 6 JC Pretorius, 5 Darrien Landsberg, 4 Etienne Oosthuizen, 3 Asenathi Ntlabakanye, 2 Franco Marais, 1 SJ Kotze
Replacements: 16 Morne Brandon, 17 RF Schoeman, 18 Conraad van Vuuren, 19 Reinhard Nothnagel, 20 Jarod Cairns, 21 Layton Horn, 22 Lubabalo Dobela, 23 Kelly Mpeku

Scarlets: 15 Ioan Nicholas, 14 Ellis Mee, 13 Macs Page, 12 Johnny Williams (captain), 11 Blair Murray, 10 Sam Costelow, 9 Archie Hughes, 8 Taine Plumtree, 7 Dan Davis, 6 Jarrod Taylor, 5 Alex Groves, 4 Harvey Cuckson, 3 Archer Holz, 2 Marnus van der Merwe, 1 Alec Hepburn
Replacements: 16 Kirby Myhill, 17 Sam O’Connor, 18 Henry Thomas, 19 Dan Gemine, 20 Ben Williams, 21 Dane Blacker, 22 Joe Hawkins, 23 Joe Roberts

Sharks v Ulster – Hollywoodbets Kings Park, 16:00
Weather: 20 degrees, overcast, windy, humidity late 70's, watch forecast showers after game - click here for updates 
Referee: Ben Whitehouse (Wales)
Assistant Referees: Morne Ferreira (South Africa), Sean Muller (South Africa)
TMO: Ben Connor (South Africa)

Sharks: 15 Edwill van der Merwe, 14 Ethan Hooker, 13 Jurenzo Julius,12 Andre Esterhuizen, 11 Makazole Mapimpi, 10 Siya Masuku, 9 Grant Williams, 8 Phepsi Buthelezi, 7 Vincent Tshituka (captain), 6 Siya Kolisi, 5 Marvin Orie, 4 Eben Etzebeth, 3 Vincent Koch, 2 Bongi Mbonambi, 1 Ox Nche
Replacements: 16 Fez Mbatha, 17 Simphiwe Matanzima, 18 Ruan Dreyer, 19 Bathobele Hlekani, 20 Manu Tshituka, 21 Jaden Hendrikse, 22 Jordan Hendrikse, 23 Lukhanyo Am.

Ulster: 15 Michael Lowry, 14 Werner Kok, 13 James Hume, 12 Stuart McCloskey, 11 Jacob Stockdale, 10 Jack Murphy, 9 Nathan Doak, 8 Juarno Augustus, 7 Nick Timoney, 6 David McCann, 5 Harry Sheridan, 4 Iain Henderson (captain), 3 Scott Wilson, 2 Tom Stewart, 1 Sam Crean
Replacements: 16 Rob Herring, 17 Callum Reid, 18 Tom O’Toole, 19 Joe Hopes, 20 Sean Reffell, 21 Conor McKee, 22 Jake Flannery, 23 Jude Postlethwaite

Leinster v Munster – Croke Park, 18:15
Weather: Temp 14 degrees, showers forecast from late morning all day, humidity 80% - click here for updates 
Referee: Gianluca Gnecchi (Italy)
Assistant Referees: Peter Martin (Ireland), Jonny Erskine (Ireland)
TMO: Stefano Penne (Italy)

Leinster: 15 Jamie Osborne, 14 Tommy O’Brien, 13 Garry Ringrose, 12 Robbie Henshaw, 11 James Lowe, 10 Sam Prendergast, 9 Jamison Gibson-Park, 8 Jack Conan (captain), 7 Josh van der Flier, 6 Alex Soroka, 5 James Ryan, 4 RG Snyman, 3 Tadhg Furlong, 2 Rónan Kelleher, 1 Paddy McCarthy
Replacements: 16 Dan Sheehan, 17 Andrew Porter, 18 Thomas Clarkson, 19 Brian Deeny, 20 Max Deegan, 21 Scott Penny, 22 Fintan Gunne, 23 Ciarán Frawley

Munster: 15 Shane Daly, 14 Andrew Smith, 13 Tom Farrell, 12 Dan Kelly, 11 Thaakir Abrahams, 10 Jack Crowley, 9 Ethan Coughlan, 8 Brian Gleeson, 7 Jack O’Donoghue, 6 Tadhg Beirne (captain), 5 Fineen Wycherley, 4 Edwin Edogbo, 3 John Ryan, 2 Diarmuid Barron, 1 Michael Milne
Replacements: 16 Lee Barron, 17 Jeremy Loughman, 18 Ronan Foxe, 19 Jean Kleyn, 20 Gavin Coombes, 21 Paddy Patterson, 22 JJ Hanrahan, 23 Alex Nankivell

Zebre v Stormers – Stadio Sergio Lanfranchi, 20:45
Weather: 16 degrees, scattered clouds, dry, humidity mid 60's - click here to bet 
Referee: Andrew Brace (Ireland)
Assistant Referees: Filippo Russo (Italy), Lorenzo Pedezzi (Italy)
TMO: Olly Hodges (Ireland)

Zebre: 15 Giovanni Montemauri, 14 Mirko Belloni, 13 Giulio Bertaccini, 12 Damiano Mazza, 11 Simone Gesi, 10 Giacomo Da Re, 9 Thomas Dominguez, 8 Giovanni Licata (captain), 7 Samuele Locatelli, 6 Davide Ruggeri, 5 Leonard Krumov, 4 Guido Volpi, 3 Ion Neculai,2 Tommaso Di Bartolomeo, 1 Muhamed Hasa
Replacements: 16 Giovanni Quattrini, 17 Juan Pitinari, 18 Matteo Nocera, 19 Franco Carrera, 20 David Odiase, 21 Migael Prinsloo, 22 Marco Zanon, 23 Lorenzo Pani

Stormers: 15 Warrick Gelant, 14 Seabelo Senatla, 13 Ruhan Nel (captain), 12 Damian Willemse, 11 Leolin Zas, 10 Sacha Feinberg-Mngomezulu, 9 Stefan Ungerer, 8 Evan Roos, 7 Ben-Jason Dixon, 6 Paul de Villiers, 5 Ruben van Heerden, 4 Adré Smith, 3 Zachary Porthen, 2 JJ Kotze, 1 Ali Vermaak.
Replacements: 16 André-Hugo Venter, 17 Vernon Matongo, 18 Hencus van Wyk, 19 JD Schickerling, 20 Ruan Ackermann, 21 Marcel Theunissen, 22 Imad Khan, 23 Wandisile Simelane.

Ospreys v Glasgow – Brewery Field, 20:45
Weather: Overcast, 12 degrees, dry but windy, humidity late 70's - click here for updates 
Referee: Andrea Piardi (Italy)
Assistant Referees: Ben Breakspear (Wales), Amber Stamp-Dunstan (Wales)
TMO: Matteo Liperini (Italy)

Ospreys: 15 Jack Walsh, 14 Dan Kasende, 13 Phil Cokanasiga, 12 Keiran Williams, 11 Keelan Giles, 10 Dan Edwards, 9 Reuben Morgan-Williams, 8 Ross Moriarty, 7 Morgan Morse, 6 James Ratti, 5 James Fender,4 Rhys Davies, 3 Ben Warren, 2 Dewi Lake (captain), 1 Gareth Thomas
Replacements: 16 Ethan Lewis, 17 Garyn Phillips, 18 Kian Hire, 19 Huw Sutton, 20 Gwilym Evans, 21 Luke Davies, 22 Tom Florence, 23 Iestyn Hopkins

Glasgow Warriors: 15 Ollie Smith, 14 Kyle Steyn (captain), 13 Stafford McDowall, 12 Sione Tuipulotu, 11 Kyle Rowe, 10 Adam Hastings, 9 Jamie Dobie, 8 Matt Fagerson, 7 Angus Fraser, 6 Euan Ferrie, 5 Alex Samuel, 4 Max Williamson, 3 Murphy Walker, 2 Johnny Matthews, 1 Patrick Schickerling
Replacements: 16 Seb Stephen, 17 Nathan McBeth, 18 Sam Talakai, 19 Jare Oguntibeju, 20 Alex Craig, 21 Macenzzie Duncan, 22 Ben Afshar, 23 Dan Lancaster

URC Week 4 Handicap Movements - Bulls drift 

Posted 15 Oct 16h52

While most of the markets have been relatively steady, the Bulls have moved from -5.5 to -2.5 on the back of team news. 

Connacht v Bulls

• Opening line: Connacht +5.5

• Current line: Connacht +2.5

• Movement: 3-point shift in Connacht’s favour
  Connacht are attracting support at home as the Bulls leave Pollard out.

Smaller moves in other Matches

• Edinburgh v Benetton: Edinburgh -7.5 → -8.5 (1-point move)

• Leinster v Munster: Leinster -15.5 → -14.5 (1-point move)

• Sharks v Ulster: Sharks -10.5 → -9.5 (1-point move)

United Rugby Championship – Week 4 Handicap Comparison

Posted 13 Oct 16h12

Below a look at the opening bookmaker handicaps for this weekend’s URC fixtures and comparison with my projected lines. 

Friday, 17 October 2025

Edinburgh v Benetton

• Bookmakers: Edinburgh -7.5

• Projected: Edinburgh -12.5
  📌 I was banking on Benetton resting players and I feel this cap may shift.

Connacht v Bulls

• Bookmakers: Bulls -5.5

• Projected: Bulls -3.5
  📌 Pretty close with the bookies on this one 

Dragons v Cardiff

• Bookmakers: Cardiff -6.5

• Projected: Cardiff -5.5
  📌 Virtually aligned on this one.

Saturday, 18 October 2025

Lions v Scarlets

• Bookmakers: Lions -10.5

• Projected: Lions -9.5
  📌 Very little between the two numbers here.

Sharks v Ulster

• Bookmakers: Sharks -10.5

• Projected: Sharks -7.5
  📌 Perhaps I just had negative Sharks vibes from the weekend when I set this.

Leinster v Munster

• Bookmakers: Leinster -15.5

• Projected: Leinster -15.5
  📌 A rare perfect match between the two views. 

Zebre v Stormers

• Bookmakers: Stormers -12.5

• Projected: Stormers -6.5
  📌 The biggest discrepancy of the weekend. The market has Stormers comfortably clear, and while they have been impressive Zebre are no mugs at home.

Ospreys v Glasgow

• Bookmakers: Glasgow -3.5

• Projected: Glasgow -4.5
  📌 A near match once again.

Key Differences

• Edinburgh v Benetton: I like Edinburgh minus here and will take some -7.5 
  
  BET: 5 units Edinburgh -7.5 at 0.88/1 at Betxchange

• Sharks v Ulster: No early action for me here, I think my cap was wrong

• Zebre v Stormers: Also no action but I think the line could move in Zebre's direction 

United Rugby Championship – Outright Winner Odds

Posted 13 Oct 09h56

• Leinster 3/5

• Bulls 9/2

• Stormers 8/1

• Munster 8/1

• Sharks 17/2

• Glasgow Warriors 12/1

• Ulster 49/1

• Connacht 65/1

• Edinburgh 80/1

• Benetton 80/1

• Cardiff 134/1

• Ospreys 154/1

• Lions 194/1

• Scarlets 349/1

• Dragons 724/1

• Zebre 724/1

Round 4 Fixtures & Projected Handicaps

Posted 12 Oct 16h16

Below my projected handicaps which will be compared to the bookies tomorrow 

Friday, 17 October 2025

• Edinburgh -12.5 v Benetton - Watch for: Benetton may rotate after 2 home wins 

• Connacht +3.5 v Bulls

• Dragons +5.5 v Cardiff

Saturday, 18 October 2025

• Lions -9.5 v Scarlets 

• Sharks -7.5 v Ulster

• Leinster -15.5 v Munster

• Zebre +6.5 v Stormers

• Ospreys +4.5 v Glasgow

 The forum thread will be opened tonight 

Betting Recap – Week 3

BET: Scarlets v Stormers
3 units Over 47.5 points at 0.87/1 at WSB
➡️ Result: Scarlets 0–34 Stormers ❌
The Stormers were superb, but Scarlets never fired and we came up well short on the overs.

BET: Munster v Edinburgh
2 units Edinburgh win at 3/1 at WSB
➡️ Result: Munster 20–19 Edinburgh ❌
So close here, Edinburgh fought hard, dominating for much of the match and they almost pulled off the upset but Munster somehow found a way.

BET: Benetton v Lions
3 units Over 46.5 points at 9/10 at Pokerbet
➡️ Result: Benetton 41–15 Lions ✅
The game opened up in the second half and cleared the line and it was a welcome win although not as stress free as the final score suggests. 

BET: Leinster v Sharks
4 units Sharks +21.5 at 19/20 at BetXchange
➡️ Result: Leinster 31–5 Sharks ❌
Leinster were too strong but the Sharks gave me hope in the 2nd half only to make crucial areas as their lineout went missing.

BET: Ospreys v Zebre
1 unit Ospreys by 21–30 at 3/1 at BetXchange
➡️ Result: Ospreys 24–0 Zebre ✅
The winning margin landed bang in the middle of the band. A small bet, but always nice to hit one of these and there were tense times in the final seconds as Ospreys chased but failed to get the bonus point try.

BET: Glasgow v Dragons
3 units Dragons under 16.5 points at 9/10 at Pokerbet
➡️ Result: Glasgow 49–0 Dragons ✅
This was a stress-free win with the Dragons blanked completely. 

BET: Cardiff v Connacht
2 units Cardiff win by 1–12 points at 6/4 at Sportingbet
➡️ Result: Cardiff 14–8 Connacht ✅
Played out almost exactly to script although I expected more points. A close game, and Cardiff edged it.

BET: Ulster v Bulls
2 units Ulster win at 31/20 at BetXchange ✅
1 unit Bulls/Ulster HT–FT at 7.80/1 at BetXchange ❌
Ulster were very good value and landed the straight win comfortably. The HT–FT longshot missed but only just with the score 7-7 at the break. That was disappointing as I had a strong feeling about that bet.

Round 4 Fixtures

Friday, 17 October 2025

Edinburgh v Benetton – Hive Stadium, 20:45

Connacht v Bulls – Dexcom Stadium, 20:45

Dragons v Cardiff – Rodney Parade, 20:45

Saturday, 18 October 2025

Lions v Scarlets – Ellis Park, 13:45

Sharks v Ulster – Hollywoodbets Kings Park, 16:00

Leinster v Munster – Croke Park, 18:15

Zebre v Stormers – Stadio Sergio Lanfranchi, 20:45

Ospreys v Glasgow – Brewery Field, 20:45